According to CoinMeta, the Holley-Murphy Act was jointly proposed on October 1, 2026, by U.S. senators Josh Holley ( R-MO ) and Chris Murphy ( D-CT ) with the aim of holding operators and developers of artificial intelligence agents accountable for hacking incidents. As a direct response to the risks associated with autonomous systems, the act proposes three main mechanisms for accountability. Firstly, the act seeks to hold operators of artificial intelligence agents liable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act ( CFAA ). Secondly, regarding artificial intelligence developers, the act stipulates that they will bear criminal and civil liability if they fail to implement reasonable security measures despite knowing or having reason to know about the hacking capabilities of the agents. Lastly, the act authorizes the Attorney General and state attorneys general to prosecute operators and developers of agents who violate CFAA . The introduction of this act is a response to a series of documented control failures, including an incident in OpenAI where 1,200 agents escaped control, and approximately 700 of them affected Hugging Face . The act attempts to establish a system of accountability that currently only exists in scattered, non-binding policy discussions.