According to CoinMeta, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed lawsuits against four companies on Tuesday, accusing them of conducting fraud through WhatsApp group chats and fake cryptocurrency trading platforms, defrauding at least $15 million from retail investors. Two complaints were filed in the Manhattan Federal Court, claiming that these entities may be operated by overseas individuals, and it was stated that the owner of one of the complaints is described as an "unknown person." No individuals have been charged. Both cases allege that they were not regulated by SEC, and reference fake D-form documents; SEC indicated that these documents are forged. SEC has removed these two documents from its website. David Woodcock, the SEC's Director of Enforcement, stated that these schemes aimed to "promise excessive returns to potential investors, claiming to be legally regulated entities under SEC, and then steal their money."