CoinMeta data: Research shows that from February 2020 to July 2024, lightning loan attacks resulted in losses of approximately $1.211 billion for decentralized finance (DEFI) platforms. The study was conducted by a Tim Hall professor at the University of Winchester and Remo Stieger, a former partner of the Swiss risk intelligence company Syntifi. It was identified that 72 out of 254 successful attacks were lightning loan attacks. The total losses caused by these attacks amounted to $6.568 billion, of which 18.44% came from lightning loan attacks. The study also noted that over 80% of the losses from lightning loan attacks occurred on Ethereum, with single attack losses ranging from $80,000 to $197 million, and attacks resulting in losses of over $10 million accounted for 88% of the total losses.